About 'united health care cycling'|...reason, is boiling mad. The United States, the most powerful nation...New Orleans, can’t provide health care for all of its citizens, can...

               Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ
               Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ               ｂａｓｉｓ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ｔｏ               ｍｅｅｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｖｅｒｙ               ｌｉｔｔｌｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｌｉｎｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ.

Ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｋｎｏｗ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ               ｍａｙ               ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔ               ｉｎｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ               ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ.

Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｈｏｗｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｄａｙ.

Ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｄｅｖｉｓｅｄ               ｉｆ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗａｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｒｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｗａｙ               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ.
               Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ
               Ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｕｎ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｓｈｕｔ               ｄｏｗｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔ               ｔｏ               ａｌｌｏｗ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ.

"Ｓｔａｔｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇ               ｌｏｎｇ-ｔｅｒｍ               ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ,               ｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｉｎｇ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ               ｓｔａｙｓ,               ａｎｄ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ"               (Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｍｏｎａｈａｎ,               Ｄｕｆｆｅｅ,               Ｈａｒｔｓｔｏｎｅ,               &               Ｒｏｂｂｉｎｓ               1984).

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｇｏｏｄ,               ｔｈｅ               ａｃｔ               ｉｔｓｅｌｆ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               "ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｗｅｌｌ-ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ               ｂｕｔ               ｐｏｏｒｌｙ               ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ               ｅｖｅｒ               ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ               ｏｕｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ"               (Ｔｏｒｒｅｙ,               Ｋｅｎｎａｒｄ,               Ｅｓｌｉｎｇｅｒ,               Ｌａｍｂ,               ａｎｄ               Ｐａｖｌｅ               2010).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｅｖｅｎｔ               ｈａｓ               ｈａｄ               ａ               ｈｕｇｅ               ｉｍｐａｃｔ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ｃａｕｓｉｎｇ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｉｎ               ｈｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ.
               "Ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ａｒｅ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｏｌｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ               ｃａｌｌｅｄ               ｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｕｒｇｅｎｔ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ"               (Ｌａｍｂ,               Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ               &               ＤｅＣｕｉｒ               2002).

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｕｓ               ｔａｋｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｇｒａｎｔｅｄ,               ｗｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｒｅａｌｌｙ               ｔｈｉｎｋ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｍｅａｎｓ.

Ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               ｆｅｗ               ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,               ｍｏｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｎ-ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｖｉｅｗｓ               ｔｈｅｍ               ａｓ               ａ               ｎｕｉｓａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｓｉｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ａｎｄ/ｏｒ               ｒｅｍｏｖｅ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｉｓ,               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ａｒｅ               ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｌａｃｋ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.

Ｗｉｔｈ               ａｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｉｓｓｕｅｓ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ａｖｅｒａｇｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｋｎｏｗ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｏ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｏｎ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ.

Ａ               ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ               ｏｆ               ｅｘｐａｎｄｅｄ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｔｅｒｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｙｐｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｄａｉｌｙ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｅｎｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.
               Ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｗｏｒｋｅｄ               ａｓ               ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｆｉｇｕｒｅｓ               ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｔ               ｌｅａｓｔ               16%               ｏｆ               ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               (Ｔｏｒｒｅｙ               ｅｔ               ａｌ               2010).

Ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｕｎ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｗ               ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ.

Ａｌｌ               ｔｈｅ               ａｃｔ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｈｉｆｔｅｄ               ｃｏｓｔｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｃａｎｎｏｔ               ｇｅｔ               ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｂｕｒｄｅｎ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｗ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ,               ｔｏ               ｃａｒｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.
               Ｈｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅ               ｉｎ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ               ｍａｎｄａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ               Ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｉｎ               1976               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｓｅ               ｏｆ               Ｅｓｔｅｌｌｅ               ｖ.

Ｇａｍｂｌｅ               (Ｓｌａｔｅ               &               Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ               2008).

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ,               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ.

Ｃｏｓｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ａｌｓｏ               ｈｉｇｈｅｒ               ｆｏｒ               ｃａｒｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ａｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｂｕｄｇｅｔｓ,               ｔａｘｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｍｏｎｅｙ               ｉｓ               ａｌｌｏｃａｔｅｄ.

Ｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｉｓ               ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅａｒ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ               ｉｆ               ｗｅ               ｔｒｕｌｙ               ｗａｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｓｈｉｆｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｕｒｄｅｎ               ｏｆ               ｃａｒｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ＳＭＩ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｂａｃｋ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｓｔａｂｌｅ,               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ,               ｏｒ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ.
               Ｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ
               Ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｉｔｓ               ｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｓ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕａｌｌｙ               ｇａｉｎｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ               ｙｅａｒ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｙｅａｒ               ｓｉｎｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｗａｓ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｍａｎｙ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ,               ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｄｉｖｅｒｓｅ               ｐｏｉｎｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｖｉｅｗ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｉｎｇ               ａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｍａｎｙ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ａｒｅａｓ               ａｒｅ               ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ,               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｂａｓｉｃ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ,               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ｎｏｗ               ｈｏｕｓｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ.

Ｏｎｅ               ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｎｏｔｅ               ｉｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｕｎｌｉｋｅ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ｐｒｏｓ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｗｏ               ｓｉｄｅｄ               ａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔｓ,               ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ａｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｏｎ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｓｈｏｗｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ               ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ.
               Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｔｗｏ               ｍａｉｎ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎｃａｒｃｅｒａｔｅｄ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｗａｓ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｂｙ               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ               ｉｎ               1939               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄ               ｂｙ               Ｈｅｎｒｙ               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｊｏｈｎ               Ｍｏｎａｈａｎ,               Ｂａｒｂａｒａ               Ｄｕｆｆｅｅ,               Ｅｌｉｏｔ               Ｈａｒｔｓｔｏｎｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｐａｍｅｌａ               Ｃｌａｒｋ               Ｒｏｂｂｉｎｓ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｉｎ               1984.

Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ'ｓ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｗａｓ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｉｎ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ               ｗｈｉｌｅ               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ'ｓ               ｗａｓ               ａ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ'ｓ               ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ               ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ.

Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ'ｓ               ｔｈｅｏｒｙ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｆｅｗｅｒ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｈａｖｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｖｉｃｅ               ｖｅｒｓａ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｅ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｄａｔａ               ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈｉｓ               ｔｈｅｏｒｙ               ｗａｓ               ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔ               (Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ               1939).

Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ               ａｎｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｔｅａｍ               ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｂｙ               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ               ｉｎ               1939               ｔｏ               ｓｈｏｗ               ａ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔ               ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ'ｓ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｌｏｏｋ               ａｔ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｃａｍｅ               ｋｎｏｗｎ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ｓｃａｌｅ               ｂｙ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｒｅａｄｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｏｖｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ'ｓ               ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ               ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｔｒｕｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ               (Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ               1984).

Ｍｏｖｉｎｇ               ａｗａｙ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｉｇ               ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ               ｌｏｏｋ               ａｔ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｓ               ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｏｆ               ａｆｆａｉｒｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｊａｉｌｓ,               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ｏｒ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｏｕｔｒｅａｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ.
               Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｉｎｇ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｗｅ               ｆｉｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｏｓｔ               ａｕｔｈｏｒｓ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｈａｒｍ               ｔｈａｎ               ｇｏｏｄ,               ｃａｕｓｉｎｇ               ｏｕｒ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓ.

Ｌａｍｂ               ａｎｄ               Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｏｆ               ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ               ｓｏ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｎｅ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａｎ               ＳＭＩ               ａｔ               16%               (Ｌａｍｂ               &               Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ               1998).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               Ｔｏｒｒｅｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｌａｔｅ               &               Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ａ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｆｒｏｍ               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｏｓｈｅｒ,               Ｒｏｂｂｉｎｓ,               Ｃａｓｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｓａｍｕｅｌｓ               ｉｎ               ａｎ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｅ               ｉｆ               ＳＭＩ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊａｉｌ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｄ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ               ａｎｙ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｙｅａｒｓ.
               Ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｊａｉｌ               ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｓｏ               ｗｅ               ｃａｎ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ａｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｈａｄ               ｏｎ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｋｎｏｗ               ｈｏｗ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｊａｉｌｅｄ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ               ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｃａｒｅ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ.

Ｉｎ               ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｅｒｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ＳＭＩ               ｈａｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               16%,               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｌｓｏ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ａｌｌｏｃａｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ.

(Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｏｓｈｅｒ,               Ｒｏｂｂｉｎｓ,               Ｃａｓｅ,               ａｎｄ               Ｓａｍｕｅｌｓ               2009).
               Ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｉｎ               ｆｏｃｕｓｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｒｉｇｈｔ               ｎｏｗ               ｉｓ               ｏｎ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｏｕｔｒｅａｃｈ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｎ-ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ,               ｒｅｔｕｒｎ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｋ               ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｒｉｓｋｓ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｒｅ-ｅｎｔｒｙ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｇｏａｌ               ｏｆ               ａ               1987               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｂｙ               Ｗｉｌｍｏｔｈ,               Ｓｉｌｖｅｒ,               &               Ｓｅｖｅｒｙ               ｗａｓ               ｔｏ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ａｎｄ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｔｙｐｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｇｒｏｕｐ               ｈｏｍｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ｏｕｔｐａｔｉｅｎｔ               ｃａｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｕｎ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｓｈｏｗｅｄ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｓ               ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｕｎ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               (Ｗｉｌｍｏｔｈ,               Ｓｉｌｖｅｒ               &               Ｓｅｖｅｒｙ               1987).

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｕｎｋｎｏｗｎ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｒｖｅｙ               ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ               ｒｅａｌｉｚｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｃｏｍｅｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.
               Ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｇｒｅａｔ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ.

Ｋｅｌｌｙ               ａｎｄ               ＭｃＫｅｎｎａ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ,               ｓｔｉｇｍａ,               ａｎｄ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｐｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ.

Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ＳＭＩ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               (Ｋｅｌｌｙ               &               ＭｃＫｅｎｎａ               2004).

Ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｉｎ               ｍａｎｙ               ａｒｅａｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｅｎｏｕｇｈ               ｔｏ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｔｒｅａｔ               ａ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｃｕｔ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｌｏｏｓｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｃａｒｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ａｎｄ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｍａｋｅ               ａ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ               ｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ｂａｃｋ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｏｕｒ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ               ｉｓ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｉｔ               ｃａｎ               ｉｎｆｏｒｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｒｅａｌｌｙ               ｈａｐｐｅｎｉｎｇ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｃｅｎｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ,               ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｈａｖｉｎｇ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｈｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｈａｓ               ｏｎ               ｒｅｅｎｔｒｙ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               (Ｌｕｒｉｇｉｏ,               Ｒｏｌｌｉｎｓ,               &               Ｆａｌｌｏｎ               2004).

Ｒｅｅｎｔｒｙ               ｉｓ               ｏｎｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｆａｃｅ               ｔｏｄａｙ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｔ,               ｍｏｓｔ               ｐｌａｃｅｓ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｎｐｏｗｅｒ               ｏｒ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｔｏ               ａｉｄ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ.
               Ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｅｎｏｕｇｈ.

Ｗｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ａｌｓｏ               ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｈａｎｄｓ-ｏｎ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｌａｃｉｎｇ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ               ｂａｃｋ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ.

Ｂｒｕｃｋｅｒ'ｓ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｉｓ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｍｉｎｄ               ｕｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｍｏｖｅ               ｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｊｕｓｔ               ｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｈａｄ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ.

Ｒｅｔｕｒｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ａｒｅ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｔｏ               ａｉｄ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ＳＭＩ               ｉｎ               ｌｉｖｉｎｇ               ｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙ               ｗｉｔｈｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｅａｃｈ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ｉｎ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ               (Ｂｒｕｃｋｅｒ               2006).
               Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｇｉｖｅ               ｕｓ               ａ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔ               ｉｔ               ｈａｓ               ｈａｄ               ｏｎ               ｏｕｒ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.

Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.

Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｂａｓｅｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｌｏｏｋｅｄ               ｏｎ               ｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅ,               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｔ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｅｘｉｓｔ               ａｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｔｉｍｅ.

Ｍａｎｙ               ｔｈｉｎｇｓ               ｈｏｌｄ               ｂａｃｋ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｎｏｒｍａｌ               ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ,               ｂｏｔｈ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｐｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ               ｔｈｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｎｏｗ               ｉｓ               ｔｏ               ａｌｌｏｗ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｔｏ               ｒｅａｃｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｉｎ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ.

Ｎｏｔ               ｍａｎｙ               ｓｉｔ               ａｒｏｕｎｄ               ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ               ｓｃｈｏｌａｒｌｙ               ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｓ;               ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｉｓ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｈｅａｒｄ               ｂｙ               ｅｎｏｕｇｈ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.
               Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ/Ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               Ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ
               Ｗｈｅｎ               ｉｔ               ｃｏｍｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｆｅｗ               ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ               ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｎｏｎｅ               ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ               ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔ               ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｖｅ               ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ,               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｇｒｏｕｐ               ｈｏｍｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               ｃａｒｅ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｔｅａｍｓ.

Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｈａｓ               ａｌｓｏ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ｉｎｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ,               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ               ａ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｆａｉｌｕｒｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｖａｒｉｅｄ               ｇｒｅａｔｌｙ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｓｔａｔｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｅｅｍ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｏｎｅ               ｒｉｇｈｔ               ａｎｓｗｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍａｔｔｅｒ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｔｒｅｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ               ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｔｅａｍｓ,               ｏｒ               ＣＩＴｓ.

ＣＩＴｓ               ａｒｅ               ｍａｄｅ               ｕｐ               ｏｆ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ               ａｃｔｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｔａｋｅ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｆａｃｉｎｇ               ａ               ｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒ.

(Ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｍｏｄｅｌ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｊｏｉｎｔ               ｅｆｆｏｒｔ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓ               ｂｕｔ               ｉｓ               ｓｔｒｉｃｔｌｙ               ｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｓｗｏｒｎ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ.

Ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ,               ｔｈｅ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ＣＩＴｓ               ａｃｒｏｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｓｅｅｍｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｂｉｇ               ｒｅｖｅｌａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               ｉｓ               ｈｏｗ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｔｈａｎ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ.

Ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｄｉｄ               ＣＩＴ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｓａｙ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               100%               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ,               ａｓ               ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               65.4%               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ,               ｔｈｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ＣＩＴ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｎｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｎｅｓｓ               ｗａｓ               ｏｎｌｙ               30.5%               (Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ,               Ｂａｈｏｒａ,               Ｗａｔｓｏｎ,               Ｏｌｉｖｉａ               2008).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｔｒｕｌｙ               ｓｈｏｗｓ               ｈｏｗ               ｕｎｄｅｒ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｏｕｒ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ,               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｏｎｃｅ               ｕｎｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ｋｎｏｗ               ｈｏｗ               ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ               ａｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｙｏｕ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｅａｌ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｃｏｍｅｓ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄ               ｔｏｄａｙ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｄｉｃｉａｌ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               Ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｏｎｅ               ａｖｅｎｕｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｇｅａｒｅｄ               ａｔ               ｈｅｌｐｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｒａｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈａｎ               ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｅｎｔｉｒｅ               ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ               ｂｅｈｉｎｄ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｉｓ               ａｐｐｅａｌｉｎｇ,               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ               ｏｕｔ               ａｓ               ｉｔ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ａｎｄ               ａｒｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｆａｉｒｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ?

"Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｓｔ               2               ｙｅａｒｓ,               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｊｕｓｔ               25               ｔｏ               ｏｖｅｒ               80               ｔｏｄａｙ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ               ｃｙｃｌｉｎｇ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ｍｏｓｔ               ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｔｏｒｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｓｐｏｋｅｎ               ｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｙ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｌａｔｅｓｔ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ-ｓｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｃｏｕｒｔ"               (Ｓｅｌｔｚｅｒ               2005).
               Ｗｈａｔ               ａｌｌ               ｇｏｅｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ?

Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ,               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               2008               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ,               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｔｈａｔ               "ｊｕｄｇｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｌａｗｙｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ａｎｙ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｓｔｓ,               ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓ,               ｃａｓｅ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｅ               ｏｎ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ａｃｃｕｓｅｄ               ｃａｎ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ               ｂｅ               ｍｅｔ."               Ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｗａｓ               ｔｏ               ｏｐｅｎ               ｕｐ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｔｏ               ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ａｓｓｉｓｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｉｎ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｆｏｒｍ               ｏｒ               ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｗａｙ               ｃａｓｅｓ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｌｏｏｋｅｄ               ａｔ               ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｔ               ａｓ               ａ               ｓｉｍｐｌｅ               ｃａｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｂｌｉｎｄ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ,               ｏｒ               ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ               ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ               ｕｐ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｒｏｗｉｎｇ               ａｗａｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｋｅｙ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｕｉｌｔｙ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ｐｕｎｉｓｈｅｄ,               ｔｈｅ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｃｉａｌ               ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ               ａｌｌｏｗｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ               ｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｃｏｕｒｓｅ               ｏｆ               ａｃｔｉｏｎ.

"Ｔｈｅ               ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｐｕｎｉｓｈｍｅｎｔ-ｂａｓｅｄ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｏｆ               ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｆａｉｌｅｄ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｅｄ               ａｃｃｕｓｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｉｓ,               ｉｎ               ｆａｃｔ,               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒ-ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ"               (Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ               2008).
               Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｇｏｏｄ               ｏｎｅ,               ｗｈａｔ               ｍａｋｅｓ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ?

Ｔｈｅ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｕｎｃｌｅａｒ               ａｔ               ｔｉｍｅｓ.

Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｄａｖｉｄｓｏｎ,               ａｎｄ               Ｂｒｏｗｎ               ｗｒｏｔｅ               ｉｎ               2001               ｔｈａｔ               "ａｌｍｏｓｔ               ａｎｙ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ               ｅｆｆｏｒｔ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｅｎｇａｇｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｃａｎ               ｑｕａｌｉｆｙ               ａｓ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｂｙ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ.

Ｉｎ               ｉｔｓ               ｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ               ｈａｓ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｌｉｔｔｌｅ               ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ."               Ｔｈｅｙ               ａｌｓｏ               ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａ               ｆｏｒ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｎｇ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ,               ｂｕｔ               ｓｏ               ｆａｒ               ｎｏ               ｏｎｅ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｒ               ｓｅｔ               ｏｆ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｉｓ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｓｎ'ｔ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ.
               Ｓｏ               ｄｏ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｗｏｒｋ?

Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｎｏ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ｙｅｓ               ｏｒ               ｎｏ               ａｎｓｗｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｃａｓｅ.

Ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｂｙ               ＭｃＮｅｉｌ               &               Ｂｉｎｄｅｒ               ａｎｄ               Ｂｏｏｔｈｒｏｙｄ,               Ｐｏｙｔｈｒｅｓｓ,               ＭｃＧａｈａ,               &               Ｐｅｔｒｉｌａ               ｌｏｏｋ               ｔｏ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓｓｕｅ.

ＭｃＮｅｉｌ               &               Ｂｉｎｄｅｒ'ｓ               ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ               ｇｏａｌ               ｗａｓ               ｔｏ               "ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ               ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ               ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｗａｓ               ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｌｏｎｇｅｒ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ               ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ａｓ               ｕｓｕａｌ"               (2007).

Ｏｆ               ｃｏｕｒｓｅ,               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｄｉｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ａ               ｓｉｍｐｌｅ               ｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｄｏｅｓｎ'ｔ               ｊｕｓｔ               ｒｅｌｙ               ｏｎ               ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ               ｏｒ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ.

Ｉｔ               ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ｓｅｖｅｒｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｃｒｉｍｅ,               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｍｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｉｔｙ,               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｐｕｎｉｓｈｍｅｎｔ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ.
               Ｂｏｏｔｈｒｏｙｄ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ'ｓ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｅｘａｍｉｎｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｏｗａｒｄ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ｒｅｅｍｐｈａｓｉｚｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｆａｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｎｏ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｎ               ｗｈａｔ               ｍａｋｅｓ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｂｕｔ               "ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ               ｔｏｄａｙ               ｓｈａｒｅ               ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ"               (2003).

Ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｔａｋｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｈｅａｒｉｎｇ               ａ               ｃａｓｅ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｉｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ.

Ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ               ａ               ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ               ｏｎ               ｌｉｎｋｉｎｇ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｉｎ               ａｎ               ｅｆｆｏｒｔ               ｔｏ               ａｉｄ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈａｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               "ｎｏ               ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ               ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ               ｗａｓ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ               ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｒａｔｅｓ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｓｉｔｅｓ               ｐｒｉｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｅｎｒｏｌｌｍｅｎｔ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｕｄｙ"               (Ｂｏｏｔｈｒｏｙｄ               ｅｔ               ａｌ               2003)               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｌｅｖｅｌｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｗｅｎｔ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ｎｏ               ｃｌｅａｒ               ａｎｓｗｅｒ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｃｕｒｂ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ.
               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｍａｙ               ｓｅｅ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｓ               ａ               ｆａｕｌｔ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｉｓｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｗｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｉｓ               ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｏ.

Ｒａｌｅｉｇｈ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               Ｃｒｉｍｅ               Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               Ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               Ｓｃｏｔｔ               Ｗｏｍａｃｋ               ｓｔａｔｅｄ               "ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｆａｉｌｉｎｇ...ｂｕｔ               ｉｔ'ｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｆａｉｌｉｎｇ               ｉｆ               ｉｔ               ｄｏｅｓｎ'ｔ               ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ               ｎｏｒ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｖｏｌｕｎｔａｒｙ               ｃｏｍｍｉｔｍｅｎｔ               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｅｘａｃｔｌｙ               ｗｈａｔ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｏ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ               ｆｏｌｋｓ               ｉｎ               ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               (ｉ.ｅ.:               ａ               ｐｓｙｃｈｏｔｉｃ               ｓｔａｔｅ)               ａｎｄ               ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｔｏ               ａｌｌｅｖｉａｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ               ｓｔａｔｅ,               ｉｔ               ｗａｓ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｏｒ               ｌｏｎｇ-ｔｅｒｍ               ｒｅｍｅｄｉａｌ               ｃａｒｅ"               (ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ,               11/17/11).
               Ｗｈｅｎ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ               ｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇ,               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｗａｓ               ｔｏ               ｃｒｅａｔｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               (Ｓｌａｔｅ               &               Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ               2008).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｇｅｔ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｕｎ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒｈｏｏｄｓ.

Ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ,               ｔｈｅ               ｄｒｅａｍ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ               ｗａｓ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ,               ｎｏｗ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｎｏｗｈｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｇｏ,               ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ               ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ               ｒｅａｓｏｎｓ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｇｒｏｕｐ               ｈｏｍｅｓ               ｄｏ               ｅｘｉｓｔ,               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｏｆｔｅｎ               ｏｖｅｒｃｒｏｗｄｅｄ               ａｎｄ               ｕｎｄｅｒｆｕｎｄｅｄ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｈａｓ               ｌｅａｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｒｅ               ｏｆ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ,               ｂｕｔ               ｈａｓ               ｍａｄｅ               ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｉｎｇ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ.

Ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ｒｕｎ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｒｅｖｉｔａｌｉｚｅｄ,               ｉｔ               ｍａｙ               ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒａｃｔ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｕｎｔｉｌ               ｔｈｅｎ,               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｒｅｖｉｓｅｄ,               ｗｉｔｈ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｒｕｌｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ.
               Ｐｌａｎ               ｏｆ               Ａｃｔｉｏｎ
               Ｔｈｅ               ｄａｍａｇｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｎｇｏｉｎｇ               ｓｈｕｔｄｏｗｎ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｆｉｘａｂｌｅ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｉｓ,               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｔｏ               ｆｉｇｈｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               ｗｈａｔ               ｈａｓ               ｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄ               ｉｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔｒｅｅｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｏｕｒ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ.

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ               ｂａｓｉｓ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ｔｏ               ｍｅｅｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｖｅｒｙ               ｌｉｔｔｌｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｌｉｎｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ.

Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｓｈｏｗｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ａｒｅ               ｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｄａｙ.

Ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｄｅｖｉｓｅｄ               ｉｆ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗａｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｒｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｗａｙ               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ.
               Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               "ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｅ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｉｎｋ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ａ               ｄａｎｇｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ               ｏｒ               ｔｏ               ｏｔｈｅｒｓ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ"               (Ｌａｍｂ,               Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ               &               ＤｅＣｕｉｒ               2002),               ｔｈｅ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｍａｙ               ｎｏｔ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ｂｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｏｒ               ｃｌｏｓｅ               ａｔ               ｈａｎｄ.

Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ               ｗｈａｔ               ｔｏ               ｌｏｏｋ               ｆｏｒ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ａｎ               ｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙ               ｌｉｎｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｍａｙ               ｍｉｓｔａｋｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｈｏｓｔｉｌｅ,               ｎｏｎ-ｃｏｍｐｌｉａｎｔ,               ａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅ,               ｏｒ               ｏｔｈｅｒｗｉｓｅ               ｕｎｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅ.

Ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｉｎｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｌｙ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｃｋ               ｏｆ               ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ               ｍａｙ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ,               ｅｓｃａｌａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｆｏｒｃｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｓａｆｅｔｙ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ.
               Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               "Ｌａｗ               Ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               Ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ               ｔｏ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,"               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｉｎ               2009,               ａｕｔｈｏｒｓ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｄｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｎｏｗ               ｒｅａｌｉｚｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｅｖｅｒ               ａｎｄ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｃｏｎｓｕｌｔａｎｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｃａｌｌ               ｂｙ               ｃａｌｌ               ｂａｓｉｓ.

Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ               ｐｏｌｉｃｙｍａｋｅｒｓ               "ｎｅｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ;               ｔｈｅｙ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｄａｔａ               ｔｈａｔ               ｑｕａｎｔｉｆｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｎａｔｕｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｔｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ               ｉｎ               ｏｒｄｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｍｍｉｔ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｎｅｒｇｙ               ｔｏｗａｒｄ               ａ               ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ"               (Ｒｅｕｌａｎｄ,               Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｆｅｌｄ,               &               Ｄｒａｐｅｒ               2009).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅ               ｎｏ               ｍａｔｔｅｒ               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｙｏｕ               ｌｏｏｋ.

Ｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｂｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ               ｊｕｓｔ               ｉｓｎ'ｔ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ.

Ｉｔ               ｍａｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               ｕｎｔｉｌ               ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ,               ｍｏｒｅ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               ａｒｅ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ.
               Ｗｈｙ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓｓｕｅ?

Ｓｉｍｐｌｙ               ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｅｎｄ               ｕｐ               ｐｒｉｓｏｎ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｙｅａｒ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ.

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔ               ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｕｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ａｔ               ｌｅａｓｔ               16%               ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               (Ｔｏｒｒｅｙ               ｅｔ               ａｌ               2010).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｍａｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｏｕｎｄ               ｌｉｋｅ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｕｎｔｉｌ               ｙｏｕ               ｌｏｏｋ               ａｔ               ｈｏｗ               ｍａｎｙ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｒｅ               ｉｎｃａｒｃｅｒａｔｅｄ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｙｅａｒ,               ｓｏｍｅｗｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｏｕｎｄ               1.6               ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｖｅｒｙ               ｌａｒｇｅ               ａｍｏｕｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎ               ａｎｄ               ｏｕｔ               ｏｆ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｄａｙ,               ａｌｌ               ｙｅａｒ               ｌｏｎｇ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｈｉｇｈ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ,               ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ               ｉｔ               ｂｅ               ｌｏｃａｌ,               ｓｔａｔｅ,               ｏｒ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ,               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｏｍｅ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｏｎ               ａ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ               ｂａｓｉｓ.
               Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｕｐｄａｔｅｄ,               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｏ               ｓａｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｓｅｌｅｃｔ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｆｅｗ               ａｒｅａｓ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               ｔｅａｍｓ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｔｅａｍｓ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅ               ｉｎ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｗｈａｔ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｓ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｍａｙ               ｏｆｆｅｒ               ｓｏｍｅ               ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ               ｂｕｔ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｕｐ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｌｅｖｅｌ               ｉｔ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ.

Ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｍｏｄｅｌ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙ               ｈａｓ               ｏｖｅｒ               400               ｔｅａｍｓ               ｉｎ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               (Ｗａｔｓｏｎ,               Ｍｏｒａｂｉｔｏ,               Ｄｒａｉｎｅ,               &               Ｏｔｔａｔｉ               2008).

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｔｅａｍｓ               ａｒｅ               ａ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ               ａｒｅａ               ｉｎ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ,               Ｗａｔｓｏｎ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               "Ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｃｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍ               ｍａｙ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ａｎ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ'ｓ               ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ               ａｎｄ               ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ…ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｃａｎ               ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｙ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ               ｒｅｌａｔｅ               ｔｏ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｍａｙ               ｂｅ               ｍｏｒｅ               ａｐｔ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｃｉｄｅ               ｔｏ               ａｃｃｅｓｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｉｎ               ｌｉｅｕ               ｏｆ               ａｒｒｅｓｔ."               Ｏｆ               ｃｏｕｒｓｅ,               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｊａｉｌｓ               ｐｌａｙ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｐａｒｔ               ａｇａｉｎ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.
               Ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               Ｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ               Ｔｅａｍｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｃａｌｌｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｈａｖｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               "ａｃｔ               ａｓ               ｌｉａｉｓｏｎｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ"               (Ｗａｔｓｏｎ               ｅｔ               ａｌ               2008).

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ               ｏｆ               ＣＩＴ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｇｒｅａｔ               ｉｄｅａ,               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ｍａｎｙ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｒｏｕｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｎｏ               ＣＩＴ               ｔｅａｍ               ｏｒ               ｍｏｄｅｌ               ｔｏ               ｂｕｉｌｄ               ｏｎｅ               ｆｒｏｍ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｔｙｐｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ               ｉｓ               ａ               ｐｒｉｍｅ               ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ               ｏｆ               ｗｈａｔ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｔａｕｇｈｔ               ｉｎ               ｂａｓｉｃ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｓｈｏｗ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗｏｒｋｓ.

Ａ               2008               ｓｔｕｄｙ,               ｈｅａｄｅｄ               ｂｙ               Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ               Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ,               ｄｅｔａｉｌｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｏｆ               ＣＩＴ               ｔｅａｍｓ.

Ｉｎ               Ｍｅｍｐｈｉｓ,               ＴＮ,               ＣＩＴ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｗｅｒｅ               100%               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ,               ａｓ               ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               65.4%               ｏｆ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｆｅｌｔ               ｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄ.

Ａｌｓｏ,               ＣＩＴ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｆｅｌｔ               ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｔ               ｔｈａｔ               30.5%               ｏｆ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ａ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ａ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ａｌｓｏ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｈｅｌｐ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃａｒｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ.

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｋｉｎｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｏｎ               ｄｕｔｙ.
               Ａｎ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｅｌｄ,               ｉｔ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅ               ｉｎｊｕｒｙ,               ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ,               ａｒｒｅｓｔｓ,               ａｌｌｏｗ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｏｒｅ               ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ               ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ.

"Ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｉｓ               ｓｔｉｌｌ               ａ               ｌｏｔ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｅｎｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ"               (Ｒｅｕｌａｎｄ,               Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｆｅｌｄ,               &               Ｄｒａｐｅｒ               2009).

Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｄａｔａ               ｗｅ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｅ               ｃａｎ               ｕｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｍｏｄｅｌ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ.

Ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ＣＩＴ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｅｓ,               ｈｅｌｐ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｓａｆｅｔｙ,               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｐｌｅｎｔｙ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｗｈｉｃｈ               ｔｏ               ｓｔａｒｔ.
               Ｆｉｒｓｔ,               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｉｎ               ｏｎｅ'ｓ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｃａｒｅｅｒ.

Ｎｅｗ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅｇｉｎ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｓｋｉｌｌｓ               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｂａｓｉｃ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               (ＢＬＥＴ),               ｏｒ               ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ａｃａｄｅｍｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ.

Ｂｙ               ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｌｅａｒｎ               ｎｅｗ               ｓｋｉｌｌｓ               ｅａｒｌｙ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｃａｎ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｃａｒｅｅｒ.

Ｗｈｉｌｅ               ｉｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｎｏｔ               ａｌｗａｙｓ               ｂｅ               ａｎ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ＣＩＴ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｓｈｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｕｓｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｔｒａｉｎ               ｎｅｗ               ｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｓ,               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｏｒｓ               ｏｎ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅ.

Ｈａｎｄｓ               ｏｎ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｇｒｅａｔ               ｅｙｅ               ｏｐｅｎｅｒ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒａｉｎｅｅｓ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ.

Ｉｎ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ａ               ＣＩＴ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ,               ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄ,               ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙ               ｂｙ               ｂｒｉｎｇｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ＣＩＴ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｓ               ｔｏ               ａｉｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｇｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ.

Ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｆｆ               ｈａｓ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｆｕｌｌｙ               ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｎｅｗ               ｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｏｎ-ｔｈｅ-ｊｏｂ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ,               ｔｈｉｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ａｎ               ｅａｓｉｅｒ               ｔａｓｋ.
               Ｉｎ               ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｆｏｒ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｗｉｓｈ               ａｌｌ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｍｐｌｉａｎｃｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｄｏｎｅ               ｂｙ               ｂｒｉｎｇｉｎｇ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｉｎｔｏ               ａ               ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ               ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ               ｏｒ,               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｃａｓｅ               ｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏ,               ｂｙ               ｈａｖｉｎｇ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｊｏｉｎ               ＣＩＴ               ｆｏｒ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ               (ｗｈｅｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｏｐｔｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ).

Ａｇａｉｎ,               ｔｈｅ               ＣＩＴ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｉｎ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅ               ｂｕｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｂｅ               ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｎ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｗｈｅｎ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ａｎ               ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ               ｉｓｓｕｅ               ｆａｃｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｕｄｇｅｔ.

Ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｒｅ               ｎｏｔ               ｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｓｐｅｎｄ               ａｎｙ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｔｈａｎ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｏ,               ａｎｄ               ｍａｎｙ               ｍａｙ               ｖｉｅｗ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｓ               ａ               ｗａｓｔｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｉｍｅ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｖｅｒ               ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               ａ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｃａｎｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               ｏｖｅｒｌｏｏｋｅｄ.

Ｔａｌｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ＣＩＴ               ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ               ａｃｒｏｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ               ｍａｙ               ｈｅｌｐ,               ｂｕｔ               ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｓｍａｌｌ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ               ａｎｄ               ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ               ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ               ａｎｄ               ｗａｔｃｈｉｎｇ               (ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ)               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｇｒｅａｔｌｙ               ａｉｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｂｕｄｇｅｔ               ａｌｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               ａｃｒｏｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｏａｒｄ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ.
               Ｒｅｕｌａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               "Ｎｏ               ｔｗｏ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌ,               ａｎｄ,               ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ               ａ               ｂｒｏａｄ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｍｅ               ｃｏｍｍｏｎ               ｉｓｓｕｅｓ               ｍａｎｙ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ               ｆａｃｅ,               ｉｔ               ｄｏｅｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｂｖｉａｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ａｎ               ｉｎ-ｄｅｐｔｈ               ｒｅｖｉｅｗ               ｏｆ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ               ａｎｄ               ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ               ｔｏ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｔｈｅｍ"               (2009).

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               ｔｒｕｅｒ.

Ｗｈａｔ               ｗｏｒｋｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｏｎｅ               ａｒｅａ               ｍａｙ               ｎｏｔ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙ               ｗｏｒｋ               ｉｎ               ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ.

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｉｓ,               ｏｎｃｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｐｕｔ               ｉｎ               ｐｌａｃｅ,               ａｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｅｄ.

Ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｃａｌｌｓ               ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ,               ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ               ｏｒ               ｎｏｎ-ｖｉｏｌｅｎｔ,               ｗｈａｔ               ｋｉｎｄ               ｏｆ               ａｃｔｉｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｔａｋｅｎ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｃｅｎｅ,               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｅｄ,               ｏｒ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｆｉｅｌｄ.

Ａｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ               ｃａｎ               ｆｏｒｍ               ａ               ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅ               ｏｎ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｏ               ｓｈａｐｅ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｄｉｆｙ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｅａｃｈ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ.

Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ａｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅ,               ａｄａｐｔ,               ｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｃｈａｎｇｅ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ａｓ               ｎｅｅｄｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｅｓｔ               ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ.

Ｌａｍｂ               (2002)               ｔｅｌｌｓ               ｕｓ               ｔｈａｔ:
               Ａｃｒｏｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ,               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｋｉｌｌｅｄ               ｏｒ               ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ               ｉｎｊｕｒｅｄ               ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｍａｎａｇｅ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｃｒｉｓｅｓ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｅｖｅｎｔｓ               ｈａｖｅ               ｏｕｔｒａｇｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｆｒｕｓｔｒａｔｅｄ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｒｉｇｈｔｌｙ               ｓｏ.

Ｉｆ               ｗｅ               ａｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｄｕｃｅ               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｔｒａｇｉｃ               ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｅｎｓｕｒｅ               ｂｅｔｔｅｒ               ｓａｆｅｔｙ               ｆｏｒ               ａｌｌ,               ｗｅ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ               ａｎ               ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ               ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ               ｐａｒｔｎｅｒｓｈｉｐ               ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.
               Ｎｅｗ               ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ               ｆｏｒ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｏｆｆｉｃｅｒ               ｉｓ               ｎｏｔ               ｊｕｓｔ               ａ               ｇｏｏｄ               ｉｄｅａ;               ｉｔ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｕｔｕｒｅ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｏｎ.

Ｍｏｒｅ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｒｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｈｏ               ａｒｅ               ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               ｉｌｌ               ａｒｅ               ｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ｉｎｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               ｅｖｅｒｙ               ｄａｙ.

Ａ               ｍｉｓｓｔｅｐ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｌｅａｄ               ｄｏｗｎ               ａｎｙ               ｎｕｍｂｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｒｏａｄｓ,               ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ               ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ,               ａｂｕｓｅ,               ｕｎｎｅｅｄｅｄ               ａｒｒｅｓｔｓ,               ｉｎｊｕｒｙ,               ａｎｄ               ｄｅａｔｈ.

Ｉｆ               ｗｅ               ｃａｎ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙ               ｔｒａｉｎ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｒｓ               ｏｎ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｐｅｒ               ｗａｙ               ｔｏ               ｈａｎｄｌｅ               ａ               ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ,               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ｂｒｅｅｄ               ｏｆ               ｌａｗ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ               ｃａｎ               ｅｍｅｒｇｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｒｖｅ               ｅｖｅｒｙｂｏｄｙ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｍｅ.
Ｗｏｒｋｓ               Ｃｉｔｅｄ               Ａｍｙ               Ｗａｔｓｏｎ,               Ｍ.

Ｍ.

(2008).

Ｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇ               ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ:               Ａ               ｍｕｌｔｉ-ｌｅｖｅｌ               ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｕａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ＣＩＴ.

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｌａｗ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               ,               359-368.
               Ａｒｔｈｕｒ               Ｊ.

Ｌｕｒｉｇｉｏ,               Ａ.

Ｒ.

(2004).

Ｔｈｅ               Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｏｎ               Ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒ               Ｒｅｅｎｔｒｙ.

ＦＥＤＥＲＡＬ               ＰＲＯＢＡＴＩＯＮ               Ｖｏｌ               68               Ｎｏ               2               ,               45-52.
               Ｂｒｕｃｋｅｒ,               Ｄ.

(2006).

Ｒｅ-Ｅｎｔｒｙ               ｔｏ               Ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙ               :               Ａ               Ｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇ               Ｒｅｔｕｒｎ-ｔｏ-Ｗｏｒｋ               Ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ               ｆｏｒ               Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ               Ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒｓ               Ｗｉｔｈ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ.

Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               Ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ               Ｖｏｌ               17               ,               302-313.
               Ｄａｌｅ               ＭｃＮｅｉｌ,               Ｒ.

Ｂ.

(2007).

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ               ｏｆ               ａ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               Ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｉｎ               Ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ               Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               Ｒｅｃｉｄｉｖｉｓｍ               ａｎｄ               Ｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ.

Ａｍ               Ｊ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               164               ,               1395-1403.
               Ｈｅｎｒｙ               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｊ.

Ｍ.

(1984).

ＴＨＥ               ＩＭＰＡＣＴ               ＯＦ               ＳＴＡＴＥ               ＭＥＮＴＡＬ               ＨＯＳＰＩＴＡＬ               ＤＥＩＮＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＯＮＡＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ               ＯＮ               ＵＮＩＴＥＤ               ＳＴＡＴＥＳ               ＰＲＩＳＯＮ               ＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＳ.

Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               Ｌａｗ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｒｉｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ               Ｖｏｌ               75               Ｎｏ               2               ,               474-490.
               Ｋｅｌｌｙ,               Ｓ.

Ｍ.

(2004).

Ｒｉｓｋｓ               ｔｏ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               Ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ               Ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄ               Ｉｎｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               .

Ｈｅａｌｔｈ,               Ｒｉｓｋ,               &               Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ,               377-385.
               Ｌａｍｂ,               Ｈ.

Ｒ.

(2002).

Ｔｈｅ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ.

Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ｐｙｓｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓ               ,               1266-1271.
               Ｌａｍｂ,               Ｈ.

Ｗ.

(1998).

Ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｓｅｖｅｒｅ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               Ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ:               Ａ               Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ.

Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ               ,               483-492.
               Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ               Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ,               Ｍ.

Ｂ.

(2008).

Ａ               Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ               Ｒｅｖｅｉｗ               ｏｆ               Ｅｘｔａｎｔ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               ｏｎ               ＣＩＴ               Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ.

Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               Ａｃａｄｅｍｙ               ｏｆ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｌａｗ               36:1               ,               47-55.
               Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ,               Ｌ.

(1939).

Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｃｒｉｍｅ:               Ｏｕｔｌｉｎｅ               ｏｆ               ａ               Ｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅ               Ｓｔｕｄｙ               ｏｒ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ               Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ.

Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ               Ｐｓｙｃｈ.

,               1-15.
               Ｒ.

Ｓｌａｔｅ,               Ｗ.

Ｊ.

(2008).

Ｔｈｅ               Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ:               Ｃｒｉｓｉｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ               .

Ｄｕｒｈａｍ:               Ｃａｒｏｌｉｎａ               Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ               Ｐｒｅｓｓ               .
               Ｒｏｇｅｒ               Ａ.

Ｂｏｏｔｈｒｏｙｄ,               Ｎ.

Ｇ.

(2003).

Ｔｈｅ               Ｂｒｏｗａｒｄ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｈｅａｌｔｈ               Ｃｏｕｒｔ:               ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ,               ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ               ｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ｌａｗ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               26               ,               55-71.
               Ｒｕｅｌａｎｄ,               Ｍ.

Ｓ.

(2009).

Ｌａｗ               Ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ               Ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ               ｔｏ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｗｉｔｈ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ:               Ａ               Ｇｕｉｄｅ               ｔｏ               Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ               Ｉｎｆｏｒｍｅｄ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ.

Ｎｅｗ               Ｙｏｒｋ,               ＮＹ:               Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ               ｏｆ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ               Ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ.
               Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ,               Ｒ.

Ｄ.

(2008).

Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               ｈｅａｌｔｈ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ.

Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ               Ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎ               ｉｎ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ               21               ,               1-4.
               Ｓｅｌｔｚｅｒ,               Ｔ.

(2005).

ＭＥＮＴＡＬ               ＨＥＡＬＴＨ               ＣＯＵＲＴＳ:               Ａ               Ｍｉｓｇｕｉｄｅｄ               Ａｔｔｅｍｐｔ               ｔｏ               Ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ               Ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ'ｓ               Ｕｎｆａｉｒ               Ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               Ｗｉｔｈ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓｅｓ.

Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ,               Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ,               ａｎｄ               Ｌａｗ               ,               570-586.
               Ｓｔｅａｄｍａｎ,               Ｈ.

Ｏ.

(2009).

Ｐｒｅｖａｌｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌ               Ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ               Ａｍｏｎｇ               Ｊａｉｌ               Ｉｎｍａｔｅｓ.

Ｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｉｃ               Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ               ,               761-765.
               Ｔｏｒｒｅｙ,               Ｅ.

Ｆ.

(2010).

Ｍｏｒｅ               Ｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ               Ｉｌｌ               Ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓ               Ａｒｅ               ｉｎ               Ｊａｉｌｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ               Ｔｈａｎ               Ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ:               Ａ               Ｓｕｒｖｅｙ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｔａｔｅｓ.

Ａｒｌｉｎｇｔｏｎ,               ＶＡ:               Ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ               Ａｄｖｏｃａｙ               Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ               &               Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｓｈｅｒｉｆｆ'ｓ               Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ.
               Ｗｉｌｍｏｔｈ,               Ｇ.

Ｓ.

(1987).

Ｒｅｃｅｐｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ａｎｄ               Ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ               Ｃｈａｎｇｅ:               Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ               Ａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓ               ａｎｄ               Ｄｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ               ｏｆ               Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ               Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ               ,               138-145.

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About 'united health care cycling'|...reason, is boiling mad. The United States, the most powerful nation...New Orleans, can’t provide health care for all of its citizens, can...

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